This article is available in French.
1. Que surveiller ? #
Quatre angles complémentaires.
Angles #
| Question | Méthode | Exemple d'outil |
|---|---|---|
| Le site répond-il, en HTTPS ? | Test synthétique HTTP/HTTPS planifié depuis plusieurs régions | Blackbox Exporter, k6, Uptime Kuma, Datadog Synthetics |
| Le certificat expire-t-il bientôt ? | Lecture de la date d'expiration TLS | Métrique probe_ssl_earliest_cert_expiry |
| Les visiteurs ont-ils un site rapide ? | Real User Monitoring (LCP, INP, CLS) | Grafana Faro, Datadog RUM, Dynatrace RUM |
| Le serveur tient-il la charge ? | Métriques et logs d'accès (codes 5xx, latence) | Prometheus, Loki, Elasticsearch |
2. Surveillance HTTPS avec Prometheus #
Open source et simple.
Blackbox Exporter #
# blackbox.yml
modules:
https_2xx:
prober: http
timeout: 10s
http:
valid_status_codes: [200]
fail_if_not_ssl: true
preferred_ip_protocol: ip4# prometheus.yml
scrape_configs:
- job_name: site
metrics_path: /probe
params: { module: [https_2xx] }
static_configs: [ { targets: [ "https://www.example.com", "https://shop.example.com" ] } ]
relabel_configs:
- { source_labels: [__address__], target_label: __param_target }
- { source_labels: [__param_target], target_label: instance }
- { target_label: __address__, replacement: blackbox:9115 }# Alertes
probe_success == 0 # site injoignable
(probe_ssl_earliest_cert_expiry - time()) / 86400 < 14 # certificat expirant sous 14 jours
histogram_quantile(0.95, rate(probe_duration_seconds_bucket[5m])) > 2Bonne Pratique : Sondez depuis au moins deux emplacements et alertez quand plusieurs échouent : une coupure réseau locale ne doit pas réveiller l'astreinte.
3. Aller plus loin #
Parcours et expérience réelle.
Parcours et RUM #
- Tests de parcours (connexion, panier) avec Grafana k6 en mode navigateur, planifiés ou en CI.
- RUM avec Grafana Faro pour les Core Web Vitals réels par page, navigateur et pays.
- Page de statut publique alimentée par les mêmes sondes.
- Corrélation : une sonde en échec doit renvoyer vers les logs et les traces du backend.
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Course Glossary
Alerting
The process of notifying teams (via email, Slack, Teams) when a specific event, threshold breach, or anomaly is detected.
Architecture
The overall structural design of an IT system, defining its various components, their relationships, and the principles guiding its evolution.
OpenTelemetry
An open source framework providing standards, APIs, and SDKs to collect and export observability data (traces, metrics, logs) in an agnostic way.
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